What Is the Ketogenic Diet?
The ketogenic diet — commonly called keto — is a high-fat, very-low-carbohydrate eating pattern designed to shift your body’s primary fuel source from glucose to fat. When carbohydrate intake drops low enough (typically below 20–50g per day), the liver begins converting fatty acids into molecules called ketones, which the brain and muscles can use as fuel. This metabolic state is called ketosis.
The standard keto macro split is approximately 70% fat, 25% protein, and 5% carbohydrates. This is a dramatic departure from standard dietary guidelines, which typically recommend 45–65% carbohydrates. The practical effect is that staple foods like bread, pasta, rice, and most fruit are eliminated, while fats from meat, dairy, nuts, and oils become the cornerstone of every meal.
Standard Keto (SKD)
The most common approach: 70% fat, 25% protein, 5% carbs. Best for most people starting out and those primarily focused on fat loss or metabolic health.
High-Protein Keto
Shifts to roughly 60% fat, 35% protein, 5% carbs. Popular with active individuals wanting to preserve or build muscle while staying in ketosis.
Cyclical Keto (CKD)
5–6 days of strict keto followed by 1–2 high-carb refeed days. Used by athletes to replenish muscle glycogen without permanently leaving ketosis.
Targeted Keto (TKD)
Small amounts of fast-digesting carbs consumed around workouts only. Designed for people who struggle with performance during training on standard keto.
How This Calculator Works
Your daily calorie needs are calculated using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, one of the most accurate formulas for estimating resting metabolic rate (RMR) in healthy adults, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1990).
BMR (men) = 10 × weight(kg) + 6.25 × height(cm) − 5 × age + 5
BMR (women) = 10 × weight(kg) + 6.25 × height(cm) − 5 × age − 161
Your BMR is then multiplied by an activity factor to produce your Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) — the number of calories your body burns on a typical day. Your goal adjustment (e.g. −500 kcal/day to lose approximately 0.5 kg per week) is then applied to produce your target calorie intake.
Finally, those calories are divided into fat, protein, and carbohydrate grams based on your chosen macro split. Fat contains 9 kcal per gram, while protein and carbohydrates each contain 4 kcal per gram.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take to enter ketosis?
Most people enter a state of ketosis within 2–4 days of restricting carbohydrates to below 20–50g per day. This timeline varies based on your starting glycogen stores, activity level, and individual metabolism. Exercise can speed up the process by depleting glycogen faster. You can verify ketosis using urine test strips (keto sticks) or a blood ketone meter — an optimal blood ketone level is 1.5–3 mmol/L.
What is keto flu and how do I avoid it?
Keto flu refers to a cluster of temporary symptoms that many people experience in the first 1–2 weeks of starting a ketogenic diet — including fatigue, headache, brain fog, irritability, and muscle cramps. It is largely caused by electrolyte loss, as reduced carbohydrate intake causes the kidneys to excrete more sodium, which leads to losses of potassium and magnesium as well. The best way to minimize keto flu is to increase your sodium intake (add salt to food, drink bouillon), supplement magnesium and potassium, stay well hydrated, and ease into the diet rather than cutting carbs all at once.
How many carbs can I eat and stay in ketosis?
The general guideline is to stay below 20–50g of net carbohydrates per day (net carbs = total carbs minus dietary fiber). Most people use 20g as a strict starting target, particularly in the first few weeks. Individual tolerance varies — some people maintain ketosis at up to 50g of net carbs per day, especially if they are physically active. The only way to know your personal threshold is to test your ketone levels after gradually increasing carb intake.
Will eating this much fat raise my cholesterol?
The relationship between dietary fat and blood cholesterol is more nuanced than once believed. Most research on ketogenic diets shows improvements in HDL (“good”) cholesterol and triglycerides, with variable effects on LDL. The type of fat matters — replacing refined carbohydrates with unsaturated fats (olive oil, avocados, nuts, fatty fish) has consistently beneficial effects on cardiovascular markers. Some individuals, particularly those genetically predisposed to high LDL, may see increases. Regular blood testing is recommended if you have cardiovascular risk factors.
Do I need to count calories on keto?
Not strictly — many people find that the high fat and protein content of a ketogenic diet naturally suppresses appetite, leading to spontaneous calorie reduction without tracking. However, if your goal is specific weight loss or body composition, using a calculator like this one to set macro targets gives you a more reliable framework. People who plateau on keto often find that calorie intake has crept up, particularly from high-calorie
keto foods like nuts, cheese, and fat bombs.
Is keto safe long-term?
Short-term safety of ketogenic diets is well-established for most healthy adults. Long-term data is more limited, but existing research does not suggest major risks for people without underlying conditions. People with type 1 diabetes, kidney disease, liver conditions, or a history of pancreatitis should not follow a ketogenic diet without close medical supervision. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also consult a physician before starting keto. For most healthy individuals, periodic re-evaluation of blood markers every 3–6 months is a sensible precaution.